The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments last week in a case involving the issue of whether state or local courts may entertain suits against fossil fuel companies for their role in generating injuries purportedly attributable to climate change.

In May 2026, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that the city of Boulder had the legal authority to hold energy companies accountable for local damage caused by climate change and could make a case against polluters. The U.S. Supreme Court will determine whether local governments have the authority to seek damages from fossil fuel companies or whether that authority is restricted by federal law or the constitution.

Some two-dozen other similar cases have been brought by States, counties or local governments. Whether those cases may proceed will depend on the outcome of the Supreme Court’s decision in the Boulder case.